Which type of load arises from forces applied perpendicular to the structure?

In the context of structural engineering, shear load refers to forces that act perpendicular to the length of a structural element, creating a sliding effect. This occurs when the structure is subjected to external forces that cause one part of the element to slide over another. Shear forces are critical in analyzing the stability and integrity of structures, as they can lead to shear failure if the material is unable to withstand these forces effectively.

When designing buildings and other structures, it is essential to consider shear loads, especially in areas such as walls, beams, and connections. Understanding how shear loads operate helps engineers ensure that structures maintain their intended performance under various conditions, such as wind or seismic activity.

In contrast, bending loads exert forces that cause curvature in a structural element, while axial loads are applied along the length of a member, affecting its tension or compression. Compression loads, specifically, push inward on a structure. Recognizing the distinctions between these loads is vital for effective structural design and analysis.