What term describes a vertical supporting member in construction?

The term that describes a vertical supporting member in construction is "column." Columns are essential structural components that transfer loads from the structure above to the foundation below. They are primarily designed to carry vertical loads, although they can also resist some lateral forces. Columns can be made from various materials, such as concrete, steel, or wood, and they come in various shapes, including circular and rectangular.

In contrast, beams are horizontal members that support loads from above, typically spanning the space between columns. Pillars can sometimes be used interchangeably with columns but more often refer to a freestanding structure that may not necessarily support loads in the same manner as a column. Joists, on the other hand, are horizontal members that support the floor and ceilings, running between walls or beams. This reinforces the understanding that vertical supporting members, as described in the question, are specifically referred to as columns.