What term describes a structural member that transmits compressive forces vertically through its center?

The term that describes a structural member transmitting compressive forces vertically through its center is a column. Columns are specifically designed to support loads from above and transfer them down to the foundation, effectively utilizing their geometric shape to resist compression. The vertical orientation of columns is crucial, as it allows them to bear heavy loads and maintain the stability of the structure.

In contrast, beams are horizontal members that primarily resist bending loads and typically support loads applied perpendicular to their length. Joists, similar to beams, are also horizontal and provide support for floors or ceilings but are shorter and spaced closely. Lathe has a different function entirely, as it is used in wall and ceiling construction, providing a base for plaster but not serving as a load-bearing member. Understanding these distinctions highlights why a column is the correct term for a member that handles vertical compressive forces.